Kuroshio in the western North Pacific is one of the world's most energetic western boundary currents. In the east of Luzon Island, the northward Kuroshio at its origin and the underlying southward Luzon Undercurrent (LUC), play an important role in shaping marine ecosystems and climate in the Pacific and neighboring marginal seas through transporting a large amount of mass and heat.Recently, th...

Alkaline hydrothermal systems are considered ideal environments for the origin of life because they can provide the ideal ion gradient conditions for the formation of early life on Earth. However, alkaline hydrothermal vents have only been found in the Lost City hydrothermal field in the Atlantic Ocean. Are there other alkaline hydrothermal vents in the widely distributed black smoker regions a...