Surface diffraction beamline is a high-resolution X-ray diffraction beamline for investigating the structure of surfaces and interfaces of low-dimensional materials, which has the advantage of high brightness, high flux, high energy resolution, and low divergence. This beamline aims to study the surface (solid-vacuum, solid-gas) and interface (solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid) in nanoscience, condensed matter and soft matter systems by mean of various surface scattering techniques. Following highlight research fields will be mainly covered in this beamline: surface and interface of low-dimensional thin films, atomic-level structure of solid surfaces, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid interfaces, biomembrane structure, self-assembly in soft matter.